Legislative shortcomings: A challenge in the transportation of pets by car is the absence of a precise standard or directive at the EU level that defines the requirements for safety equipment intended for pets. There are products on the market advertised as safe without independent testing – in the words of one expert, the industry has long been a kind of "wild west". Fortunately, the situation has been improving in recent years, as manufacturers voluntarily conduct crash tests on their products and independent bodies (such as the aforementioned Center for Pet Safety in the United States and Sweden's RISE) have begun publishing test results.

ECE R17 – load securing standard: In Europe, dog transport crates have begun to be tested according to vehicle load securing requirements. ECE R17 is a standard that applies to car seats and backrests but also to load securing in collision situations. Several high-quality metal crates (e.g., 4pets and Artfex) have been crash tested against this standard, meaning they have been secured to the vehicle and subjected to intense frontal collision acceleration. The structure of an approved crate must withstand the crash so that it does not break or detach from its fastenings, thereby keeping the pet better protected and other passengers safe.

ECE R129 – the new standard for child car seats in use: As the latest development trend, some manufacturers also use the ECE R129 standard for child safety seats as a benchmark, which is more demanding than previous standards. For example, Tavo Pets has developed its products to meet the requirements of the latest UN child safety seat standard ECE R129 – their crash tests are calibrated according to this level. This indicates that the product withstands sudden decelerations and loads as rigorously as a safety seat intended for children. In practice, meeting the R129 requirements means, among other things, effective side impact protection, proper attachment solutions (such as ISOFIX anchoring), and the use of non-toxic, fire-safe materials.

Practices in collision tests: Collision tests typically use dog dummies of various sizes to simulate pets of different weight classes. The tests assess how well harnesses, crates, or seats hold the dummy in place and the extent of forces experienced by the "pet" and humans during a collision. The results have been eye-opening: for example, in one study, none of the common dog safety harnesses passed the test in a way that would ensure the dog’s complete safety. This does not imply that good harnesses do not exist – rather, it means that without specific design and testing, the product may not withstand a real accident. Therefore, it is important to favor collision-tested products and review the information provided by the manufacturer about the tests. Certifications granted by independent bodies (e.g., the “Crash Tested” label issued by CPS) are also a good indicator of the product’s reliability.

Next, we will present different types of transport solutions and explain how they rank in terms of safety. You will notice that the best products utilize the aforementioned standards and testing practices, so pay attention to them when selecting equipment for your pet.

What is a seat belt harness? Seat belt harnesses refer to harnesses worn by a dog (or a larger cat) that are attached using the car's own seat belt or a separate strap to the car's anchorage points. Good car harnesses resemble regular harnesses in structure but are usually reinforced, padded, and equipped with metal fasteners for attaching to the car seat belt buckle or ISOFIX anchors. When used correctly, seat belt harnesses prevent the dog from moving uncontrollably inside the car and keep it in place during sudden braking. They can be particularly convenient when there is no space for a crate or when the dog travels on the back seat next to people.

Warning about cheap "seat belts": There are many simple strap-like dog "seat belts" on the market that clip onto the seat belt buckle or around the headrest. However, experts warn about the dangers of such extensions – they can fail completely in a collision or cause serious injuries to the dog. A leash and collar combined with a seat belt is the most dangerous combination, as in a strong impact the pet may be strangled. Therefore, always use harnesses, not just a collar. Also ensure that the harnesses are the correct size and properly adjusted: harnesses that are too loose will not restrain the dog, and those that are too tight or poorly fitting can cause injuries.

Select tested harnesses: As mentioned above, not all harnesses are created equal. It is advisable to choose a product that has been separately crash-tested and intended for car use. For example, the Finnish brand Hurtta has introduced tested car harnesses to the market, and internationally there are a few models (such as Allsafe, Sleepypod Clickit, etc.) that have achieved good results in independent tests. Check the manufacturer's information: often they specify the types of tests the harnesses have undergone. Remember to always secure the harness to the car seatbelt or ISOFIX anchors according to the manufacturer's instructions. It is advisable to thread the seatbelt through the correct part of the harness to ensure the dog remains on the seat and does not get thrown around despite the harness. The middle seat of the back row can also be a good location for a dog in a harness – this position reduces the risk of the dog hitting the front seat or window.

In summary: Seatbelt harnesses are a suitable solution for short trips and calm passengers, provided that you invest in high-quality, tested harnesses and attach them correctly to the car. For longer journeys or restless pets, however, a crate may be a better option, as it offers more protection and keeps the pet securely in place without disturbance.

Why a crate? In a sturdy transport crate or box, the pet travels in a protected "enclosure", where it cannot disturb the driver. In the event of a collision, a good crate keeps the pet inside and distributes the impact forces away from the animal, also preventing the pet from being thrown into the passenger compartment. For dogs, there are metal and plastic car crates especially designed for the estate car's cargo area, while for cats and small dogs, there are carriers and boxes that can be placed on the back seat. The most important thing is that the crate is sturdy enough and securely fastened in place – otherwise, it becomes a dangerously hard projectile. Especially larger dogs require a crate for safe travel.

Attachment and placement: The best place for a dog crate is often in the car's trunk against the backrest crosswise, or according to the manufacturer's instructions. It is advisable to secure the crate with cargo straps or the car's own attachment points to prevent it from tipping over or moving. A smaller transport box can be placed on the back seat and secured with a seatbelt. Remember to also fasten the seatbelt around the transport box to keep it in place during braking. Some cars have ISOFIX attachment points, for which compatible crates or transport boxes are becoming available on the market – these are very convenient and safe because the fasteners lock directly to the car's frame.

One advanced example of a modern transport crate is the Tavo Crispin transport crate (foldable lightweight crate), which has been specifically designed for small and medium-sized dogs up to approximately 25kg. The Crispin has been tested under demanding conditions and calibrated to meet the requirements of the ECE R129 safety standard. In practice, the Crispin is secured to the rear seat of the car using integrated fasteners – it features both locks for the lower ISOFIX anchors and a top tether strap, ensuring that the crate remains firmly in place. The crate can be quickly released using the red-marked release loops when it is time to exit the vehicle.

For smaller pets – such as cats and dogs under approximately 10 kg – a good option is the Tavo Dupree pet travel bag, which combines the best features of a carrier and a safety seat. Dupree is a soft-sided bag, dimensioned to be approved for use in the airplane cabin, but it has a unique safety feature for car use: it snaps directly onto the car's ISOFIX anchors! The steel-reinforced locks secure to the car's fixtures in seconds, preventing the bag from moving. Additionally, Dupree is crash-tested under dynamic conditions just like Crispin; the tests are conducted using the same technology as the R129 standard for child seats, indicating a high level of safety.

Travel comfort: The design of the Dupree bag also takes into account the animal's comfort. The bag maintains its shape thanks to a sturdy yet slightly flexible frame (it does not collapse), and it features numerous breathable mesh panels through which the pet can look outside. A padded base is included, and inside the bag there is an attachment point for a leash to enhance safety. Many cat owners appreciate that Dupree also functions excellently as a traditional carrier – veterinary and other trips are managed with one and the same stylish bag. In the car, it offers much more protection than a conventional plastic transport box, as it is designed to withstand sudden movements. With one product, you get both a calming nest for the pet in the passenger compartment and peace of mind for the driver.

Summary of crates and boxes: A high-quality crate is often the safest way to transport a dog in a car, especially on longer journeys. A cat, on the other hand, should practically always be kept in a transport box – a stressed cat could otherwise end up under the pedals or cause a dangerous situation. When choosing a crate or carrier, pay attention to the sturdiness of the structure, locks, and any test results. Also consider the appropriate size: a crate that is too large can be risky if the animal is thrown against the wall in a large space, while one that is too small causes distress. A good rule of thumb is that the animal can just barely turn around and lie down in a natural position. Cushion the crate, for example, with a non-slip mat or a thick blanket, and make it as homely as possible for the pet – this will make traveling a pleasant experience.

Children have their own safety seats, and now a similar concept has been introduced to the world of pets. Pet car seats are special booster seats or combinations of carrier bags and seats that are attached to the car seat. Soft "booster seats" that raise small dogs to the window level have been available; these increase comfort but do not necessarily provide protection in a collision. The latest development on the market is truly crash-tested pet safety seats that utilize the car's ISOFIX attachments and other child seat technologies.

Tavo Maeve ISO is a fine example of a modern pet car seat. Visually, it somewhat resembles a child safety carrier or a pet carrier: it features a rigid EPP foam frame, a curved canopy, and padded interior components. The distinctive feature of the Maeve ISO seat is the integrated ISOFIX locks, which can be deployed with the press of a button – the seat clicks directly into the car seat's ISOFIX anchors without the need for a separate base. Color-coded indicators display when the attachment is properly locked, providing assurance during installation. Additionally, the seat frame is encircled by a detachable canopy that serves both as protection and a carrying handle; the canopy is equipped with breathable mesh panels and a "peek window" so the pet can see outside and the owner can look in. If necessary, the canopy section can be completely removed, transforming the Maeve into an open bed.

Safety and Comfort: The Maeve ISO combines the benefits of a hard crate and a soft bed. The pet sits on a soft mattress protected by high sides, which feature side impact protection made of memory foam material. The entire structure is lightweight yet highly durable – tests have shown it meets strict safety criteria (the manufacturer states that crash testing with ECE R129 technology has also been conducted for this product). In terms of load capacity, the Maeve ISO is suitable for pets weighing approximately under 15–18 kg (available in two sizes), making it ideal for cats, small dogs, and even medium-sized dogs such as Jack Russell Terriers or Shetland Sheepdogs. In a car, the Maeve should be placed on the back seat, preferably on the right side – according to the manufacturer, installation is possible on both the left and right sides. If the seat is used in the front, the front airbag must be deactivated, as would be done with a child safety seat.

Practical benefit: The Maeve ISO safety seat makes placing and removing a pet in the car very easy. The seat can be lifted onto the frame of Roscoe strollers (sold separately), if you convert them into stylish pet strollers – Convenient, for example, in shopping malls or on longer trips. Since the seat also functions as a carrier, the pet can remain inside to sleep even at the accommodation; a familiar nest reduces stress in an unfamiliar environment. The materials are of top quality: the fabrics are removable and washable, UV-protected (UPF 50+), and even have the GREENGUARD Gold certification for low emissions. All this means that the Maeve ISO offers luxurious protection and exceptional safety for small travel companions.

In addition to the main products (harnesses, crates, seats), there are several accessories that enhance travel comfort and safety with your pet:

• Seat covers: These protective covers are placed on the car seat or the trunk floor to protect the upholstery from dirt, moisture, and hair. Although a seat cover does not directly restrain the pet, it can be beneficial in certain situations. Such a solution prevents the dog from falling into the footwell during sudden braking and confines it to its own space on the back seat. Additionally, the padded surface makes traveling more comfortable, especially on long journeys. Choose a waterproof and non-slip seat cover that is easy to clean – this will make life easier for both the dog and the owner during travel.

• Car nets and gates: Many owners of station wagons are accustomed to keeping their dog in the cargo area behind a partition net or gate. A fixed dog net (such as the vehicle's original equipment or a separately installed metal grille) is essential if the dog travels in the trunk without a crate. A strong steel net or dog gate behind the rear seat backs ensures that the dog cannot climb into the passenger compartment or be thrown forward in a sudden stop. However, note that a dog loose in the cargo area can still be thrown about and injure itself – the net primarily protects people. Therefore, the best combination for a large dog is a proper crate + fixed dog net, ensuring protection for both the dog and the passengers. Smaller, flexible nylon nets are also available to attach between the front and rear compartments; they serve as a visual barrier and a reminder for the dog to stay back, but they usually cannot withstand strong pressure. Invest in quality and ensure the net's sturdiness.

• Other fastening devices: Additionally, the market offers, for example, seat belt fasteners (straps that can be used to secure a crate or carrier to a belt) and anti-slip devices for under the crate. These are cost-effective methods to enhance the safety of existing equipment. For instance, a rubber anti-slip mat placed on the floor of the cargo area keeps the crate from moving during everyday braking. A few strategically placed cargo straps can save the situation in a collision by keeping the crate secured to the vehicle – just remember to use attachment loops designed for the vehicle's structure.

In summary: accessories complement the safety package. They do not replace harnesses or crates, but help create both a cleaner and safer environment. Comfort and safety often go hand in hand: when the dog has a comfortable base and a confined space, it remains calmer, which in turn reduces sudden movements and hazardous situations during travel.

Finally, we provide a set of practical tips to ensure your pet's well-being during car journeys and to prevent the most common hazardous situations:

• Heat in the car: Never leave a pet alone in a hot car. The temperature inside a parked car rises rapidly to life-threatening levels, even on cloudy days. If you need to stop, keep breaks short or take your pet with you. Also ensure adequate ventilation during the drive – use air conditioning if necessary. You can provide a cooling mat or a damp towel for the dog's resting place. Remember that dogs do not cool down by sweating like humans, but by panting, so hot air in the car is particularly uncomfortable for them. In short: it is better to make a small effort to arrange cooling than to risk heatstroke.

• Breaks and Hydration: Plan the travel route so that you take regular breaks (approximately every two hours is a good rule of thumb). During the break, the pet can stretch its legs, relieve itself, and drink water. On long journeys, a light snack may also be appropriate, but avoid large meals just before or during the trip – traveling on a full stomach can cause nausea. For cats, it is advisable to have a small litter box in the car for long trips during breaks. Hydration is important: carry a water bottle and a travel water bowl, and offer water at every stop. In winter, ensure the pet does not get cold during breaks; if necessary, you can keep a coat for the dog or a blanket for the cat in the car.

• Placement and travel comfort: As previously stated, the safest place for a dog is generally the rear area or back seat – never in the front seat in front of an active airbag. If you use harnesses on the back seat, the dog should be placed in the middle seat or behind the driver, so that in the event of a side collision it is in a more protected position. Ensure that no hard objects (such as tools or loose items) are next to the pet to prevent them from striking the animal in an accident. Regarding travel comfort, try to accustom your pet to car travel in advance: short practice trips, rewarding, and a calm atmosphere in the car. Some dogs and cats suffer from motion sickness or anxiety – in such cases, bringing something with a familiar scent (e.g., a toy or blanket from home) can provide comfort. A smooth driving style is best: avoid sudden braking and sharp lane changes whenever possible. Keep the car quiet and calm; music played too loudly or constant talking can stress the animal. If the pet is a very nervous traveler, advice can be obtained from a veterinarian if necessary (e.g., pheromone sprays for cats or anti-nausea medication for dogs).

• Care and supervision: Even if the pet is in a cage, do not forget it entirely – maintain an appropriate temperature in the car, monitor the pet's condition through the mirror or camera, and respond if it appears to be unwell. It is advisable to keep the carrier door closed for cats throughout the journey; dogs can be briefly kept on a leash outside during breaks, but ensure the car is parked in a safe location and the dog has a firm grip on the leash before opening the door. Many cats have escaped when the carrier door is carelessly opened in the wrong place – therefore, practice the break routine in advance. Always check before the trip that the equipment is intact: the harness locks function properly, the cage door locks securely, and the securing straps are not frayed.

• Acclimatization to car travel: If possible, begin acclimating the pet to car journeys as early as possible, ideally when it is still a puppy. Take short drives and accustom the pet to traveling safely. Do not give in to the puppy; maintain safety as a priority.

• If your pet feels unwell: Some pets may experience motion sickness during car travel, similar to humans. This can be alleviated by acclimatization, travel position in the car, and the direction the face is oriented during the journey. If your pet does not get accustomed to traveling, please consult your veterinarian.

Safe car travel with pets consists of careful preparation, the right equipment, and sound judgment. The most important thing is to prevent the pet from being loose in the car – whether by using seatbelt harnesses, a transport crate, or a separate pet car seat. Each solution has its own advantages, and often the best result is achieved by combining several (e.g., crate + dog guard, harness + seat protector). Remember to familiarize yourself with the safety features of the products: look for information on crash tests, standards (such as ECE R17 and R129), and certifications. For example, the Tavo Pets products (Crispin, Dupree, Maeve ISO) mentioned in this guide are good examples of modern, tested solutions that provide both safety and comfort during travel. When your pet travels safely, you can also focus on driving with greater peace of mind – the shared car journey then becomes more pleasant for everyone involved. Safe kilometers and enjoyable moments with your pet! 🐾